Biomedical Journal of Indonesia

Help-seeking Behavior of Disorders of Sex Development Patients in Palembang, Indonesia

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is a congenital disorder in which there is atypical chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex development. Children with DSD are often brought to the hospital too late for care due to limited knowledge about this condition among medical practitioners. Early diagnosis is important to improve prognosis and minimize complications and comorbidities of DSD patients. Methods. This study is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach through interviews and data collection from medical records of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital in 2020 - 2023. Results. In this study, it was found that the infancy age group (28 days - 1 year) was the most common age of arrival of patients to the hospital (29%) and the most common main complaint was clitoral enlargement (19.4%). Conclusion. This study found a wide variation in patients’ chief complaints, which makes the age of arrival of DSD patients to the hospital still quite late.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Pregnant Women With Urinary Incontinence at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang

Angelica Juenli, Amir Fauzi, Hadrians Kesuma Putra, Ratih Krisna, Raissa Nurwany — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary discharge of urine. UI is often not reported due to social stigma and public relief. In addition, UI is a non-life-threatening condition so people consider UI as a nuisance and not a health problem. This shows the need for promotive and preventive efforts so that patients can immediately seek medical treatment and prevent UI. This study aims to identify the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Methods. This study is an observational descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design using primary data by filling out questionnaires and direct interviews with pregnant women at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Results. This study involved 73 pregnant women. Most UI cases were at the age of <35 years (88%), education level ≤12 years (68%), no smoking behavior (100%), no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior (96%), third trimester (60%), multipara (40%), vaginal delivery (56%), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (56%), no history of constipation (60%), no history of UI before pregnancy (92%), and had no family history of UI (88%). Conclusion. The prevalence of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang from August to October 2024 is 34.2%. Most UI cases happened in pregnant women with the age of <35 years, education level ≤12 years, no smoking behavior, no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior, third trimester, multipara, vaginal delivery, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², no history of constipation, no history of UI before pregnancy, and no family history of UI.

Total Phenol, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of the Ethanol Fraction of Arcangelisia Flava Stem

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses leads to various diseases. Arcangelisia flava, a medicinal plant, contains antioxidant-active phenols and flavonoids. This study evaluates the total phenol and flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity of the ethanol fraction of A. flava stem. Methods. An experimental study was conducted using 750 grams of A. flava stem. The sample underwent fractionation and was analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl₃methods to determine total phenol and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. Data were analyzed using regression equations and IC₅₀ values. Results. The ethanol fraction contained 57.81 ± 3.28 mg GAE/g of total phenol and 114.6 ± 1.02 mg QE/g of total flavonoid. The IC₅₀ value for the ethanol fraction was 72.88 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant activity, albeit less potent than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ 7.37 ppm). Conclusion. The ethanol fraction of A. flava stem is a potential natural antioxidant source.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on Birth Weight: An Experimental Study in Rats

Widia Sari, Ghaniyyatul Khudri, Laura Zeffira, Kurnia Maidarmi Handayani — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Vitamin D deficiency, commonly observed during pregnancy, can affect fetal growth, which can be evaluated by birth weight. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is anticipated to beneficially affect birth weight, a crucial factor for neonatal health and long-term health outcomes. Methods. This research was conducted using an in vivo experimental design on Rattus norvegicus rats as animal models. This study involved 24 rat pups from four groups of pregnant rats, each provided with standard feed and varying doses of vitamin D supplementation: Group A received 62 IU/kgBW, Group B received 415 IU/kgBW, Group C received 663 IU/kgBW, and Group D received no vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation was provided through oral gavage from the first day of gestation until parturition. At the time of delivery, six pups from each group were randomly chosen to measure their birth weights. Results. The finding from this research indicated that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy positively influenced birth weight (p<0.001). The birth weights of pups in Group C were significantly higher compared to those in group D (p<0.001) and Group A (p<0.001). Pups in Group B also had significantly higher birth weights compared to Group D (p=0.002) and Group A (p=0.006). Conclusion. Based on these findings it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation at doses 415 IU/kgBW and 663 IU/kgBW can increase birth weight.

Dermatological Infectious Diseases Prevalence at Dermatology-Venereology Outpatient Clinics of Hospitals in Medan

Ariyati Yosi, Isti Ilmi Fujiati, Hemma Yulfi, Irina Kemala Nasution — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Skin infections are common in developing countries but are often not considered a significant health problem. One cause of this condition is a lack of epidemiological information about the prevalence and/or severity of the disease. This study aims to determine the prevalence and proportion of infectious skin diseases based on gender and age in the teaching hospitals at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Methods. A descriptive-retrospective method was used in this study and the data were obtained from the medical records of patients at the dermatology and venereology polyclinic at Adam Malik Hospital and Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospitaletween 2017 and 2019. Results. A total of 12,686 patients were enrolled in this study, 26% were diagnosed with infectious skin disease with a total of 3,297 cases. Based on gender, patients were more dominated by men (55%) than women (45%). Most patients with infectious skin diseases were in the late adolescent age group or 17–25 years (20.4%) and the least were in the 0–4 years age group (3.2%). Furthermore, fungi were the dominant causative agent, which accounts for 51.5% of all cases. Conclusion. Infectious skin disease is a skin disease that is often found, especially in men and the age group of 17–25 years.

Side Stream Cigarette Smoke and Its Role in Inducing Oxidative Stress in Rat Cerebral Tissue

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Smoking behavior can affect not only the individual smoker but also those around them. Individuals exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk of developing similar health problems as those faced by individuals who actively smoke. Secondhand smoke causes an imbalance of systemic oxidants and antioxidants characterized by the presence of a lipid peroxidation product, namely Malondialdehyde (MDA). The main objective of this study was to assess how exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke affects MDA levels in rat cerebral tissue Methods. A true experimental study was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats with a post-test only control group design. All rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely 1 control group and 4 treatment groups. A total of 270 cigarettes were used as exposure sources. A spectrophotometer at a wavelength (λmax) of 533 nm was used to measure MDA levels. The MDA level data were then analyzed. ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis tests were performed after evaluating the results of the Normality and Homogeneity tests. A p value <0.05 indicates significant data. Results. The results indicate that the group exposed to cigarette smoke using 4 cigarettes for 30 days (P4) exhibited elevated MDA levels compared to the control group. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between secondhand smoke and increased MDA levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion. This study results suggest that exposure to SSCS contributes to increased MDA levels in the brain tissue of Wistar rats, which indicates oxidative stress.

The Correlation Between Weight Gain and Diet With Gestational Hypertension at Montong Health Center, Tuban, East Java

Nur Maziyah Hurin'in, Wiwik Duwi Keswati — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Hypertension in pregnant women can cause blood vessels to narrow so that the blood supply to the body's tissues decreases resulting in organs not functioning as they should. The consequences that can appear in the mother are respiratory disorders, HELLP syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, liver disorders, which can eventually result in maternal death. In the fetus, it can cause Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), premature fetus, low birth weight and death. Methods. This was a correlational research with a cross sectional time approach. The population in this research was all TM II pregnant women at the Montong Health Center, which totals 40 respondents. The sample in this case was 36 respondents who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The bivariate analysis of the statistical test used was Spearman Test, then the data was analyzed using the SPSS program with an error level of 0.05. Results. There was a statistically significant moderate correlation between weight gain and gestational hypertension (Spearman's ρ = 0.448, p = 0.006) and a very strong and statistically significant correlation was found between dietary patterns and gestational hypertension (Spearman's ρ = 0.673, p = 0.000). Conclusion. Weight gain and diet are significant risk factors for gestational hypertension, and implementing daily digital lifestyle monitoring could be an innovative approach to prevent its occurrence during pregnancy

Comparison of the Effects of LISS (Low-Intensity Steady State) and HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) on Cardiovascular Adaptation

Fatoni Fatoni — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Aerobic exercise plays an important role in improving cardiovascular fitness, but each training method has different effectiveness. This study aims to compare the effects of Low-Intensity Steady State (LISS) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cardiovascular adaptation in students from the Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM). Methods. This study used an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 54 students were divided into two groups. The first group underwent LISS training with an intensity of 50-60% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 40 minutes per session, while the second group underwent HIIT with an intensity interval of 85-95% HRmax for 20 minutes per session, each performed 4 times per week for 6 weeks. The cardiovascular parameters measured included VO₂ max, resting heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results. The results showed that both training methods provided a significant increase in VO₂ max and a decrease in resting heart rate (p < 0.05). However, the HIIT group experienced a greater increase in VO₂ max compared to the LISS group (p < 0.05), while the LISS and HIIT pressure reduction variables were significantly able to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, indicating similar benefits in terms of blood pressure control. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that HIIT is more effective in increasing cardiovascular adaptation, more effective in heart performance or decreasing heart rate and both are effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Young Adults' Mental Health Status: Investigating GERD's Relationship with Anxiety and Depression

Muhammad Fikri Annabih, Mustika Anggiane Putri — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Introduction. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach contents flow back (reflux) into the esophagus. This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of the esophagus, causing uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications. studies suggest that smoking, obesity, anxiety/depression, and older age are some of the contributing factors to GERD development. Young adults in Jakarta showed a 7.5% GERD prevalence rate during 2017. This research explores the potential correlation between anxiety and depression with GERD development in young adult populations. Methods. This study utilized a cross-sectional method to assess the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and GERD using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and GERD Questionnaire (GERDQ). The research involved 115 participants aged 18-40 from Pondokkaso Urban Village. The study analyzed gender, anxiety, depression, and Gerd using Fisher Exact tests (p<0.05). Results. Analysis of 115 respondents revealed GERD prevalence in 26 subjects (22.6%), anxiety in 5 subjects (4.3%), and depression in 6 subjects (5.2%). Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between anxiety (p=1.000), depression (P=0.128), or gender and GERD incidence (P=0.756) among young adult subjects. Conclusions. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between GERD incidence and the variables of anxiety, depression, and gender among young adults in Pondokkaso Urban Village.