Effect of Penta Herbs Forte on Antioxidant Capacity and Cardiac Protein Carbonyl Levels in a Hypoxia-Induced Rat Model
Main Article Content
Introduction. Hypoxia, a state of inadequate oxygen supply in tissues, can induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules such as proteins. This damage can be quantified by measuring protein carbonyl levels. Penta Herbs Forte (PHF), a polyherbal formulation composed of Andrographis paniculata, Blumea balsamifera, Phyllanthus urinaria, Zingiber officinale, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, is rich in bioactive compounds with known antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of PHF extract and its effects on cardiac protein carbonyl levels in hypoxia-induced rats. Methods. This experimental study included 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into eight groups: control and treatment groups under normoxia, 1-day hypoxia, 7-day hypoxia, and 14-day hypoxia, either with or without PHF extract administration. Antioxidant capacity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH assays, and cardiac protein carbonyl levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. Results. PHF extract showed an antioxidant activity yielding LC50 values of 22.135 μg/mL (ABTS) and 105.04 μg/mL (DPPH), indicating strong antioxidant potential. PHF-treated groups exhibited lower cardiac protein carbonyl levels than their respective controls across all hypoxic durations. Conclusion. Administration of PHF extract reduced cardiac protein carbonyl levels via its antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential as an exogenous antioxidant source to protect against hypoxia-induced oxidative damage.
2. Poljsak B, Šuput D, Milisav I. Achieving the balance between ROS and antioxidants: when to use the synthetic antioxidants. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2013;1–11.
3. Bagchi K, Puri S. Free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease. East Mediterr Health J. 1998;4(2):350–60.
4. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(1):44–84.
5. Waterman KC, Adami RC, Alsante KM, Hong J, Landis MS, Lombardo F, et al. Stabilization of pharmaceuticals against oxidative degradation. Pharm Dev Technol. 2002;7(1):1–32.
6. Liu Y, Chen C, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen J, et al. An epigenetic role of mitochondria in cancer. Cells. 2022;11(16):2518.
7. Giaccia AJ, Simon MC, Johnson R. The biology of hypoxia: the role of oxygen sensing in development, normal function, and disease. Genes Dev. 2004;18(18):2183–94.
8. Werdhasari A. Peran antioksidan bagi kesehatan. J Biotek Medisiana Indon. 2014;3(2):59–68.
9. Młynarska E, Hajdys J, Czarnik W, Fularski P, Leszto K, Majchrowicz G, et al. The role of antioxidants in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases—a literature review. Nutrients. 2024;16(16):1–26.
10. Hassanuzaman M, Hossain MA, da Silva JAT, Fujita M. Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: antioxidant defense is a key factor. In: Crop stress and its management: perspectives and strategies. Berlin: Springer; 2012. p. 261–315.
11. Dewi IP, Verawaty V, Taslim T. Aktivitas imunomodulator ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) pada mencit putih. J Kesehat Perintis. 2023;10(1):1–6.
12. Jayakumar T, Hsieh C, Lee J, Sheu J. Experimental and clinical pharmacology of Andrographis Paniculata and its major bioactive phytoconstituent Andrographolide. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;846740.
13. Nagajothi S, Mekala P, Raja A, Raja MJ, Senthilkumar P. Andrographis Paniculata: qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. J Pharmacogn Phytochem.
2018;7(4):1251–3.
14. Dev S. Prime Ayurvedic plant drugs. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 2023.
15. Kusumawati IGAW, Yogeswara IBA. Antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of loloh sembung (Blumea balsamifera) based on the extraction method. Tradit Med J. 2016;21(3):143–8.
16. Liu Y, Li SM. Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides. Food Sci Technol. 2021;41(Suppl. 1):91–7.
17. Mustafa I, Chin NL. Antioxidant properties of dried ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong. Foods. 2023;12(1):1–18.
18. Rosidi A, Khomsan A, Setiawan B, Riyadi H, Briawan D. Antioxidant potential of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb). Pak J Nutr. 2016;15(6):556–60.
19. Ali AMA, El-Nour MEM, Yagi SM. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome, callus, and callus treated with some elicitors. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2018;16(2):677–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.03.003
20. Liwanda N, Zahra A, Sudarjat KSA, Mulyati T, Nurcholis W. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity from stems and leaves of Andrographis paniculate in different solvent combinations. Curr Appl Sci Technol. 2024;25(2):e0261033.
21. Rusmana D, Wahyudianingsih R, Elisabeth M, Balqis, Maesaroh, Widowati W. Antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract, rutin, and quercetin. The Indonesian Biomedical Journal. 2017;9(2):84–90.
22. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;181:1199–200.
23. Singh RK, Reddy SM. Andrographis paniculata: a study of its phytochemical makeup and antioxidant properties. Ayden International Journal of Biomedical Research and Technology. 2022;10(4):1–8.
24. Ginting B, Maulana I, Yahya M, Saidi N, Murniana M, Hasballah K, et al. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of n-hexane extract and its fractions from Blumea balsamifera L. leaves. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2022;13(3):216
25. Marques GL, Neto FF, Ribeiro CAO, Liebel S, de Fraga R, Bueno RRL. Oxidative damage in the aging heart: an experimental rat model. Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2015;9:78–82.
26. Sun W, Yin X, Wang Y, Tan Y, Cai L, Wang B, et al. Intermittent hypoxia-induced renal antioxidants and oxidative damage in male mice: hormetic dose response. Dose Response. 2013;11(3):385-400.
