Physical Activity and Body Composition Profiles in Elderly Individuals: Insights from a Community-Based Study
Main Article Content
Introduction. Obesity and sarcopenia are two metabolic disorders that can result from an increase in body fat and a reduction in muscle mass that are not balanced by enough physical exercise. The goal of this study was to examine whether there is a link between physical activity and body composition in the elderly. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the elderly community of RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from October to November 2019. The study's sample consisted of older persons over the age of 60 who were able to speak clearly and carry out daily tasks independently. Respondents who agreed to participate signed informed consent. Physical activity data were collected by PASE questionnaire interviews, and body composition was measured using the BIA Tanita. Results. The Chi-Square test was used in all analyses. In this study, there were 94 old people: 12 men and 82 women. Physical activity was found to have a significant link with muscle mass (p=0,001) as well as fat mass (p=0,001). Conclusion. There is a strong link between physical activity and body composition in the elderly. Physical activity data were obtained through interviews based on the PASE questionnaire and body composition measurements using the BIA Tanita.
Keywords:
Elderly
Body composition
Fat mass
Muscle mass
Physical activity
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33. Bradbury KE, Guo W, Cairns BJ, Armstrong MEG, Key TJ. Association between physical activity and body fat percentage, with adjustment for BMI: a large cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 24;7(3):e011843.
34. Muscella A, Stefàno E, Lunetti P, Capobianco L, Marsigliante S. The Regulation of Fat Metabolism During Aerobic Exercise. Biomolecules. 2020 Dec 21;10(12).
2. Hidayati AR, Gondodiputro S, Rahmiati L. Elderly Profile of Quality of Life Using WHOQOL-BREF Indonesian Version: A Community-Dwelling. Althea Med J. 2018;5(2):105–10.
3. Şenoymak İ, Egici MT, Şenoymak MC. Sarcopenia and Associated Factors in Adults Aged 40 and Above: A Study Conducted in Primary Healthcare. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e67618.
4. Ponti F, Santoro A, Mercatelli D, Gasperini C, Conte M, Martucci M, et al. Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;10:00681.
5. Nishikori S, Fujita S. Association of fat-to-muscle mass ratio with physical activity and dietary protein, carbohydrate, sodium, and fiber intake in a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):10631.
6. Anggeraeni, Asiah N, Lontaan A, Akib A, Susilo C. The influence of motivation on the activeness of elderly people with hypertension in prolanis gymnastics activities. J Edukasi Ilm Kesehat. 2024;2(1):1–6.
7. Morisawa T, Tamaki A, Nagai K, Tsukagoshi R, Nozaki S, Miyamoto T, et al. Effects of increased physical activity on body composition, physical functions, vascular functions, HR-QOL, and self-efficacy in community-dwelling elderly people. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(1):152–7.
8. Halaweh H, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Svantesson U, Willén C. Perspectives of Older Adults on Aging Well: A Focus Group Study. J Aging Res. 2018:9858252.
9. Loginov SI, Malkov MN, Nikolayev AY. Gender-Specific Manifestations of Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Elderly Residents of Surgut. Adv Gerontol. 2018;8(1):53–7.
10. Chen CH, Huang LY, Lee KY, Wu CD, Chiang HC, Chen BY, et al. Effects of PM2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):11176.
11. Monteiro AM, Silva P, Forte P, Carvalho J. The effects of daily physical activity on functional fitness, isokinetic strength and body composition in elderly community-dwelling women. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2019;14(2):385-98.
12. Laddu DR, Cawthon PM, Parimi N, Hoffman AR, Orwoll E, Miljkovic I, et al. Trajectories of the relationships of physical activity with body composition changes in older men: the MrOS study. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):119.
13. Falsarella G, Gasparotto LPR, Barcelos CC, Moretto MC, Pascoa MA, Ferreira TCBR, et al. Body composition as a frailty marker for the elderly community. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;2015(10):1661-67.
14. Schorr M, Dichtel LE, Gerweck A V., Valera RD, Torriani M, Miller KK, et al. Sex differences in body composition and association with cardiometabolic risk. Biol Sex Differ. 2018 Dec 27;9(1):28.
15. Dhillon RJS, Hasni S. Pathogenesis and Management of Sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017;33(1):17–26.
16. Pataky MW, Young WF, Nair KS. Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(3):788–814.
17. Batsis JA, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(9):513–37.
18. Ogawa S, Yakabe M, Akishita M. Age-related sarcopenia and its pathophysiological bases. Inflamm Regen. 2016;36(1):17.
19. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, et al. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines. 2023;11(5).
20. Imboden MT, Welch WA, Swartz AM, Montoye AHK, Finch HW, Harber MP, et al. Reference standards for body fat measures using GE dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in Caucasian adults. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175110.
21. Ambikairajah A, Walsh E, Tabatabaei-Jafari H, Cherbuin N. Fat mass changes during menopause: a metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Nov;221(5):393-409.e50.
22. Wickramarachchi B, Torabi MR, Perera B. Effects of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness and Functional Ability in Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2023;9.
23. Langhammer B, Bergland A, Rydwik E. The Importance of Physical Activity Exercise among Older People. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:7856823.
24. Li W, Procter-Gray E, Churchill L, Crouter SE, Kane K, Tian J, et al. Gender and age differences in levels, types and locations of physical activity among older adults living in car-dependent neighborhoods. J Frailty Aging. 2017;6(3):129–35.
25. Stahl ST, Albert SM. Gender differences in physical activity patterns among older adults who fall. Prev Med (Baltim). 2015;71:94–100.
26. Oh C, Jeon BH, Reid Storm SN, Jho S, No JK. The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older Korean: Physical activity, vitamin D, and protein intake. Nutrition. 2017;33:169–73.
27. Verlaan S, Aspray TJ, Bauer JM, Cederholm T, Hemsworth J, Hill TR, et al. Nutritional status, body composition, and quality of life in community-dwelling sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults: A case-control study. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):267–74.
28. Theodorakopoulos C, Jones J, Bannerman E, Greig CA. Effectiveness of nutritional and exercise interventions to improve body composition and muscle strength or function in sarcopenic obese older adults: A systematic review. Nutr Res. 2017;43:3–15.
29. Chen H, Chung Y, Chen Y, Ho S, Wu H. Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and IGF‐1 in the Elderly with Sarcopenic Obesity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(4):827–32.
30. Huo F, Liu Q, Liu H. Contribution of muscle satellite cells to sarcopenia. Front Physiol. 2022;13:892749.
31. Jaremków A, Markiewicz-Górka I, Hajdusianek W, Czerwińska K, Gać P. The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Activity Level in Students of Medical Faculties. J Clin Med. 2023;13(1):50.
32. Nangoy TY, Kumala M. Hubungan derajat aktivitas fisik terhadap massa lemak pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2. Tarumanagara Med J. 2019;1(3):652–657.
33. Bradbury KE, Guo W, Cairns BJ, Armstrong MEG, Key TJ. Association between physical activity and body fat percentage, with adjustment for BMI: a large cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 24;7(3):e011843.
34. Muscella A, Stefàno E, Lunetti P, Capobianco L, Marsigliante S. The Regulation of Fat Metabolism During Aerobic Exercise. Biomolecules. 2020 Dec 21;10(12).
