Prevalence and Characteristics of Pregnant Women With Urinary Incontinence at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang
Main Article Content
Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary discharge of urine. UI is often not reported due to social stigma and public relief. In addition, UI is a non-life-threatening condition so people consider UI as a nuisance and not a health problem. This shows the need for promotive and preventive efforts so that patients can immediately seek medical treatment and prevent UI. This study aims to identify the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Methods. This study is an observational descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design using primary data by filling out questionnaires and direct interviews with pregnant women at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang. Results. This study involved 73 pregnant women. Most UI cases were at the age of <35 years (88%), education level ≤12 years (68%), no smoking behavior (100%), no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior (96%), third trimester (60%), multipara (40%), vaginal delivery (56%), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (56%), no history of constipation (60%), no history of UI before pregnancy (92%), and had no family history of UI (88%). Conclusion. The prevalence of pregnant women with UI at Rika Amalia Hospital Palembang from August to October 2024 is 34.2%. Most UI cases happened in pregnant women with the age of <35 years, education level ≤12 years, no smoking behavior, no caffeinated beverage consumption behavior, third trimester, multipara, vaginal delivery, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, no history of constipation, no history of UI before pregnancy, and no family history of UI.
Keywords:
Urinary incontinence
Prevalence
Characteristics
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7. Zhang S, Chen M, Liu J, Yang L, Li H, Hong L. The causal effect of educational attainment on stress urinary incontinence: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):564.
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9. Bradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi JM, Shea JA, et al. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women: Development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):66–73.
10. Caruso FB, Schreiner L, Todescatto AD, Crivelatti I, Oliveira JM de. Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy: A Case Control Study. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020;42(12):787–92.
11. Putro K, Jayanti ND, Rosidah N. Efektivitas Latihan Kegel Pada Inkontinensia Urine: Studi Kasus. Physiotherapy Health Science (PhysioHS). 2022;4(1):7–10.
12. Jaffar A, Mohd-Sidik S, Abd Manaf R, Foo CN, Gan QF, Saad H. Quality of life among pregnant women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study in a Malaysian primary care clinic. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250714.
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14. Mohamed S, Hassan H, Omran A, Ramadan E. Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Women’s Physical Condition. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Reports. 2024;5(2):1-5.
15. Manso M, Botelho F, Bulhões C, Cruz F, Pacheco-Figueiredo L. Self-reported urinary incontinence in women is higher with increased age, lower educational level, lower income, number of comorbidities, and impairment of mental health. Results of a large, population-based, national survey in Portugal. World J Urol. 2023;41(12):3657–62.
16. Saadia Z. Effect of Age, Educational Status, Parity and BMI on Development of Urinary Incontinence - a Cross Sectional Study in Saudi Population. Materia Socio Medica. 2015;27(4):251.
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21. Dinc Kaya H, Gunaydin S, Dogan E. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2023;284:162–8.
22. Uzelpasaci E, Çinar GN, Baran E, Gürşen C, Nakip G, Ozgul S, et al. Trimester-based changes in urogenital symptoms and their impact on the quality of life in pregnant women: A preliminary report. Curr Urol. 2021;15(3):167–71.
23. Rajavuori A, Repo JP, Häkkinen A, Palonen P, Multanen J, Aukee P. Maternal risk factors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2022;13:100138.
24. Indrawaty I, Norhapifah H, Hadiningsih EF, Hartati DF. Predisposisi Inkontenensia Urin pada Postpartum; Studi Retrospektif. Voice of Midwifery. 2023;13(2):101–8.
25. Pribakti B. Uroginekologi & Disfungsi Dasar Panggul. Banjarmasin: PT Grafika Wangi Kalimantan; 2020.
26. Jung H, Hwang DW, Chun KC, Kim YA, Koh JW, Han JY, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in pregnant Korean women. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2024;67(5):481–8.
27. Lian WQ, Li FJ, Huang HX, Zheng YQ, Chen LH. Constipation and risk of urinary incontinence in women: a meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(10):1629–34.
28. Megasari K. ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN KONSTIPASI DI PMB HASNA DEWI PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020. Prosiding Hang Tuah Pekanbaru. 2021;93–100.
29. Patel K, Long JB, Boyd SS, Kjerulff KH. Natural history of urinary incontinence from first childbirth to 30-months postpartum. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021;304(3):713–24.
30. Dewi M, Ermawati E, Irawati N. Pengaruh Pelvic Floor Muscle Training terhadap Pengembalian Fungsi Miksi dan Defekasi pada Ibu Postpartum Spontan. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2014;3(3).
31. Gari AM, Alamer EHA, Almalayo RO, Alshaddadi WA, Alamri SA, Aloufi RS, et al. Prevalence of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Risk Factors among Saudi Females. Medicina (B Aires). 2023;59(5):940.
32. McKenzie P, Rohozinski J, Badlani G. Genetic influences on stress urinary incontinence. Curr Opin Urol. 2010;20(4):291–5.
33. Reischer T, Balendran-Braun S, Liebmann-Reindl S, Streubel B, Umek W, Koelbl H, et al. Genetic association in female stress urinary incontinence based on proteomic findings: a case-control study. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(1):117–22.
34. Hannestad YS, Lie RT, Rortveit G, Hunskaar S. Familial risk of urinary incontinence in women: population based cross sectional study. BMJ. 2004;329(7471):889–91.
2. Milsom I, Gyhagen M. The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Climacteric. 2019 May 4;22(3):217–22.
3. Nuraeni. Perbandingan Kekuatan Otot Dasar Panggul dan Kejadian Stress Urine Incontinence Post Histerektomi Total Pervaginam dengan Perabdominam. Thesis, Makassar: Hasanuddin University; 2020. Available from: http://repository.unhas.ac.id/id/eprint/6265/
4. Amalia A. Profil Pasien Rawat Jalan Kebidanan yang Mengalami Inkontinensia Urine di Puskesmas Kecamatan Seberang Ulu 1 Palembang. Undergraduate thesis, Palembang: Sriwijaya University; 2019. Available from: http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/23642
5. Azusena A. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Inkontinensia Urine Tipe Tekanan pada Ibu Hamil di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Undergraduate thesis, Palembang: Sriwijaya University; 2022. Available from: http://repository.unsri.ac.id/id/eprint/84906
6. Wang X, Jin Y, Xu P, Feng S. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its impact on health-related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022;20(1):13.
7. Zhang S, Chen M, Liu J, Yang L, Li H, Hong L. The causal effect of educational attainment on stress urinary incontinence: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):564.
8. Fakhrizal E, Priyatini T, Santoso BI, Junizaf J, Moegni F, Djusad S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of persistent stress urinary incontinence at three months postpartum in Indonesian women. Medical Journal of Indonesia. 2016;25(3):163–70.
9. Bradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi JM, Shea JA, et al. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women: Development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(1):66–73.
10. Caruso FB, Schreiner L, Todescatto AD, Crivelatti I, Oliveira JM de. Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy: A Case Control Study. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020;42(12):787–92.
11. Putro K, Jayanti ND, Rosidah N. Efektivitas Latihan Kegel Pada Inkontinensia Urine: Studi Kasus. Physiotherapy Health Science (PhysioHS). 2022;4(1):7–10.
12. Jaffar A, Mohd-Sidik S, Abd Manaf R, Foo CN, Gan QF, Saad H. Quality of life among pregnant women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional study in a Malaysian primary care clinic. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250714.
13. Fiscarina AT, Lotisna D, Bahar I, Chalid MT. Perbandingan Inkontinensia Urin Ibu Hamil Aterm Primigravida dan Multigravida Berdasarkan QUID (Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis) dan Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science. 2022;5(2):244.
14. Mohamed S, Hassan H, Omran A, Ramadan E. Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Women’s Physical Condition. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Reports. 2024;5(2):1-5.
15. Manso M, Botelho F, Bulhões C, Cruz F, Pacheco-Figueiredo L. Self-reported urinary incontinence in women is higher with increased age, lower educational level, lower income, number of comorbidities, and impairment of mental health. Results of a large, population-based, national survey in Portugal. World J Urol. 2023;41(12):3657–62.
16. Saadia Z. Effect of Age, Educational Status, Parity and BMI on Development of Urinary Incontinence - a Cross Sectional Study in Saudi Population. Materia Socio Medica. 2015;27(4):251.
17. Brown SJ, Donath S, MacArthur C, McDonald EA, Krastev AH. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(2):193–202.
18. Djusad S. Inkontinensia Urin pada Perempuan. eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia. 2023;305.
19. Cameron AP, Helmuth ME, Smith AR, Lai HH, Amundsen CL, Kirkali Z, et al. Total fluid intake, caffeine, and other bladder irritant avoidance among adults having urinary urgency with and without urgency incontinence: The Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN). Neurourol Urodyn. 2023;42(1):213–20.
20. Alonezy MF, Metwally AS, Alhazmi OA, Alrehaili AO, Almohammadi AA, Aljuhani AS, et al. The Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence Among Adult Women in Al Medina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2024; 16(7).
21. Dinc Kaya H, Gunaydin S, Dogan E. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2023;284:162–8.
22. Uzelpasaci E, Çinar GN, Baran E, Gürşen C, Nakip G, Ozgul S, et al. Trimester-based changes in urogenital symptoms and their impact on the quality of life in pregnant women: A preliminary report. Curr Urol. 2021;15(3):167–71.
23. Rajavuori A, Repo JP, Häkkinen A, Palonen P, Multanen J, Aukee P. Maternal risk factors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2022;13:100138.
24. Indrawaty I, Norhapifah H, Hadiningsih EF, Hartati DF. Predisposisi Inkontenensia Urin pada Postpartum; Studi Retrospektif. Voice of Midwifery. 2023;13(2):101–8.
25. Pribakti B. Uroginekologi & Disfungsi Dasar Panggul. Banjarmasin: PT Grafika Wangi Kalimantan; 2020.
26. Jung H, Hwang DW, Chun KC, Kim YA, Koh JW, Han JY, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in pregnant Korean women. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2024;67(5):481–8.
27. Lian WQ, Li FJ, Huang HX, Zheng YQ, Chen LH. Constipation and risk of urinary incontinence in women: a meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(10):1629–34.
28. Megasari K. ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN KONSTIPASI DI PMB HASNA DEWI PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020. Prosiding Hang Tuah Pekanbaru. 2021;93–100.
29. Patel K, Long JB, Boyd SS, Kjerulff KH. Natural history of urinary incontinence from first childbirth to 30-months postpartum. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2021;304(3):713–24.
30. Dewi M, Ermawati E, Irawati N. Pengaruh Pelvic Floor Muscle Training terhadap Pengembalian Fungsi Miksi dan Defekasi pada Ibu Postpartum Spontan. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2014;3(3).
31. Gari AM, Alamer EHA, Almalayo RO, Alshaddadi WA, Alamri SA, Aloufi RS, et al. Prevalence of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Risk Factors among Saudi Females. Medicina (B Aires). 2023;59(5):940.
32. McKenzie P, Rohozinski J, Badlani G. Genetic influences on stress urinary incontinence. Curr Opin Urol. 2010;20(4):291–5.
33. Reischer T, Balendran-Braun S, Liebmann-Reindl S, Streubel B, Umek W, Koelbl H, et al. Genetic association in female stress urinary incontinence based on proteomic findings: a case-control study. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(1):117–22.
34. Hannestad YS, Lie RT, Rortveit G, Hunskaar S. Familial risk of urinary incontinence in women: population based cross sectional study. BMJ. 2004;329(7471):889–91.
