Effectivity of Jatropha multifida L. Leaves Extract as Antibacterial on Streptococcus mutans using In Vitro Testing Methods

Intoduction : Health is the condition of the entire body and body parts of an individual who is free from disease both physically, mentally and socially, thus enabling the individual to be able to carry out daily activities more productively. However, many people neglect their own health, especially in the field of dental and oral health. Caries is one of the most common oral and dental problems. The prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is high, namely 88.8%. Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria which plays a role in the conversion of sucrose to lactic acid. Infection due to Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be treated by taking antibiotics. Apart from drugs, antibiotics can also be obtained from natural ingredients, one of which is the tintir castor plant (Jatropha multifida Linn) or commonly known as the betadine. Objective: To see the effect of the antibacterial content of tintir leaves against Streptococcus mutans bacteria and to determine the differences in the antibacterial effect of betadine leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) from a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% against Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The type of research used in this study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design as the research design and to test the sensitivity of bacteria using the paper disc diffusion test. Data analysis using One-Way ANOVA. Result: The results of this study indicate the effect of tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.


Introduction
Health is one of the important things that must be considered by society today. The meaning of the word healthy itself, when viewed from the Big Indonesian Dictionary, means the state of the whole body and its parts free from illness 1 . Meanwhile, according to the Health Law no. 23 1992, health is defined as a state of well-being in body, soul, and social conditions that enable everyone to live productively socially and economically 1 . This is in line with the definition of health according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which states that being healthy is a state of being physically, mentally and socially well 3 . So it can be concluded that health is the condition of the entire body and body parts of an individual who is free from disease both physically, mentally and socially, thus enabling the individual to be able to carry out daily activities more productively socially and economically.
However, not a few individuals do not really pay attention to their own health, especially from the field of dental and oral health. Caries is one of the most common dental and oral health diseases. According to data obtained from the Basic Health Research by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2019, Indonesia has a fairly severe caries prevalence rate of 88.8%. From these data, it is also obtained information that when viewed by age group, dental caries can affect all age groups ranging from the age group 3-4 years to 65 years and over and the incidence of caries is relatively high in each age group with the 55-64 age group. years as the highest prevalence rate, namely 96.8%.
Meanwhile, in terms of gender, women have a higher incidence of caries than men, with a percentage of Caries is a disease caused by microbial activity that changes the glucose content of food scraps to acids which results in demineralization, cavity and destruction of tooth hard tissue 5 . Caries is a progressive process characterized by demineralization of the hard tissue surfaces of teeth such as enamel and dentin, both in the crown of teeth and in the root of the teeth, which is associated with a dietary diet that supports dental caries. 6 The process of caries takes a relatively long time. There are 4 important factors that play a role in the formation process of dental caries, namely the host factor, namely the teeth itself, food factors, microorganisms and time 7  Based on the description above, the researcher is interested in conducting a study entitled The effect of tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida Linn) as an antibacterial Streptococcus mutans in vitro.

Method
This research is included in the laboratory First, clean the tool that will be used using running water and then dry it. Wrap the beaker, measuring cup, petri dish, erlenmeyer, spatula, and tweezers using Furthermore, the data from this study were analyzed using the SPSS program. The data was tested first using the ShapiroWilk test to see the normality of the data. If the data is normally distributed (p > 0.05), then the data can then be tested using the One Way ANOVA test to see if there are significant differences between each treatment group. But if the data is not normally distributed, the data can be continued using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.

Results
The results of the phytochemical screening test carried out qualitatively on tintir castor leaf extract (Jatropha multifida L.) are shown in

Conclusion
From the results of antibacterial tests that have been carried out, it was found that the tintir leaves with the Latin name Jatropha multifida Linn can be used to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% although they are not as effective as Clindamycin. The tintir leaf extract that was the strongest in inhibiting bacterial growth was the 100% concentration of tintir castor leaf extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.97 mm.